> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://help.getvero.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Subscriptions overview

> How global and topic subscriptions decide who receives your messages, and every way a user's subscription status can change.

Vero tracks two kinds of subscription for every profile: a **global** subscription status, and a status for each **subscription topic** in your project. Together they decide who can receive your messages and give users a way to opt out of some messages without leaving entirely.

## Global subscription status

Every profile is either subscribed or unsubscribed from your project. New profiles are subscribed. A profile that is globally unsubscribed receives no messages from Vero, whichever audience it appears in.

See [Unsubscribe a user](/vero-2/user-profiles/how-unsubscribes-are-managed-in-vero-2) for how Vero checks global status when you send.

## Topic subscriptions

Topics are subscription categories for the kinds of messages you send, such as `Weekly digest` or `Product updates`. Every profile has a subscribed or unsubscribed status for each topic, so a user can leave one kind of message and keep the rest.

Each topic has a default status. A profile follows that default until an explicit choice is recorded for it, after which the choice applies.

Topics are shared with Vero 1.0: a topic created in either product appears in both, and a profile's topic statuses are the same wherever you view them. See [Using topics](/vero-2/subscriptions/using-topics) to create and manage them.

<Note>
  Vero 2.0 broadcasts and journeys cannot be assigned a topic, so topic statuses do not currently change who receives a Vero 2.0 message.
</Note>

## How the two work together

A global unsubscribe always wins. A globally unsubscribed profile receives nothing, whatever its topic statuses say, and changing a topic status never changes the global status.

When a globally unsubscribed user resubscribes from the preference center, every topic returns to its default status.

## How subscription status changes

### Unsubscribe links

`{{url.unsubscribe_link}}` and `{{url.unsubscribe}}` in your emails unsubscribe the user globally as soon as they click. What they see next depends on your setup:

* By default, Vero shows its own confirmation page.
* If you set a [custom unsubscribe page](/vero-2/subscriptions/custom-unsubscribe-page), Vero redirects the user there.
* If the preference center is on, Vero hosts the pages instead, so the user can resubscribe without leaving the page.

### The mail client Unsubscribe button

Gmail, Apple Mail, Outlook, and other mail clients show their own **Unsubscribe** button next to your sender name, using the one-click unsubscribe header Vero adds to your emails. If the email was sent from a campaign with a topic, clicking it unsubscribes the user from that topic only. Otherwise, it unsubscribes them globally.

### The preference center

The `{{url.manage_preferences}}` link takes users to a page hosted by Vero where they can:

* Tick and untick topics, then select **Save preferences**. This records an explicit choice for every topic shown.
* Select **Unsubscribe from all**, which unsubscribes them globally.
* Select **Resubscribe**, if they are already globally unsubscribed.

See [Setting up a preference center](/vero-2/subscriptions/setting-up-a-preference-center).

### Changes made by your team

From a profile, your team can:

* Unsubscribe or resubscribe the profile globally from the **Actions** menu. See [Unsubscribe a user](/vero-2/user-profiles/how-unsubscribes-are-managed-in-vero-2).
* Subscribe or unsubscribe the profile from a single topic, with the user's consent. See [Manage a profile's topic subscriptions](/vero-2/user-profiles/managing-topic-subscriptions).

### The API and CSV imports

* Unsubscribe a profile globally with the [unsubscribe endpoint](/api-reference/users/unsubscribe), or in bulk by [importing a CSV with the `unsubscribed` tag](/vero-2/importing-exporting/unsubscribe-users-via-csv).
* Set topic statuses with `preferences.topics` when you [identify a user](/api-reference/users/identify). Use this to carry over consent from another system or record an opt-in from your own signup form.

## Next steps

* [Setting up a preference center](/vero-2/subscriptions/setting-up-a-preference-center)
* [Using topics](/vero-2/subscriptions/using-topics)
* [Add a custom unsubscribe page](/vero-2/subscriptions/custom-unsubscribe-page)

## Need Help?

If you have any questions, reach out to us at [support@getvero.com](mailto:support@getvero.com).